How To Stream Live From Surveillance Camera To A Projector
PTZ stands for "pan/tilt/zoom" and denotes robotic cameras that typically (though not always) have integrated pan/tilt motors and zoom lenses. The Sony EVI series cameras are popular examples. Pan/tilt/zoom cameras may expect like outsized surveillance cameras, and in many ways, are similar them. They are designed to be installed permanently and can exist enclosed in dome housings for protection or aesthetics. However, the benefits of PTZ cameras are that 1 operator can control multiple cameras, whereas non-robotic cameras require a split up operator for each photographic camera; and they can achieve camera angles non possible with conventional tripod setups.
PTZ cameras are unremarkably institute in settings such as bookish lecture halls and houses of worship. They are sometimes employed for video conferencing where photographic camera control or multiple camera angles are required. PTZ cameras are also a keen selection for live events in venues where cameras can exist permanently installed or where mounting spots are available. This last cistron will be our focus here.
Alive Production
The operation of PTZ cameras used in a video production environment can be broken into 2 concerns: camera command and video switching.
Camera Control
Although PTZ cameras are regarded as "robotic," they are not autonomous—they cannot (yet) track a subject all on their own. Y'all will need a controller along with a way to monitor video from each camera. Unlike photographic camera systems use different control protocols, though VISCA is one of the most common. This is a serial-based protocol that is typically carried over an RS-232 or RS-422 interface. Many camera systems permit for "daisy-chaining," such that simply a single "home run" connection is required back to the controller. Alternatively, one can follow the then-called "star pattern," where each photographic camera is independently linked to the controller. Daisy-chaining enables more cameras to exist connected to a single controller but may or may not upshot in simpler cabling, depending on relative camera placement.
The controller itself features a joystick for panning and tilting, as well as a zoom toggle, in some mode. In addition, and where supported, other photographic camera parameters such as focus and exposure tin exist adjusted remotely, on the fly. Some systems even offering CCU-fashion photographic camera setup controls to brand calibrating all cameras to match easier.
Go along in mind, PTZ cameras aren't motility command rigs. You may not achieve the finesse of feathering or control precision a good fluid caput tripod provides, and then it's all-time to align your shot before cutting to that photographic camera and keeping the camera "locked off" while information technology is live.
Monitoring
Live video switchers will oftentimes provide a quad- or multi-view split screen output then you can view all the video sources on a single monitor. I option for monitoring is to allow the PTZ operator tap this feed. Since non-PTZ sources may be included, doing so may be non-optimal for larger productions. A dedicated multiview to combine the PTZ images may exist preferable. In addition to the multiview, y'all may want a full-screen preview of a single camera. A low toll "difficult-cutting" switcher may be all you demand for this purpose. However, with such a switcher there will be a momentary loss of betoken, then it should non be used where rapid on-they-fly switching is required. This is particularly true with HDMI signals.
For best do, ensure the betoken going to this switcher is downstream from whatever appliances—such as the live switcher—that may be broadcasting live video. With SDI, your best bespeak choice for live broadcast, the video signal is piece of cake to carve up or road, so the best program is to carve up the camera feeds before they achieve either the live switcher desk or the camera controller's desk-bound. This way, a fault on the live switcher's end won't mess up the camera operator while a mistake on the camera operator's finish won't mess up the live feed.
Video Switching
Since PTZ cameras typically feature standard video outputs, which may include SDI, HDMI/DVI, or legacy composite video, they will hook up to a alive video switcher merely every bit a non-remote camera would. SDI is your best bet. HDMI/DVI-based PTZ cameras are ofttimes lower cost than their SDI equivalents while outputting the same video quality. Unfortunately, HDMI is not accommodating when it comes to long cablevision runs. In addition, the handshake procedure HDMI requires increases latency when using information technology in a live-switching context. Analog is friendly for long cable runs (assuming you use baluns, discussed below) and boasts low latency since in that location is no handshake or other digital processing in the pipeline, just the quality is inferior and few switchers offer analog inputs these days, though mini converters are available.
The choice of live production switcher volition depend on the photographic camera point likewise equally other factors; the PTZ photographic camera is a video source just like whatsoever other. You volition need to think about the number of cameras, equally well every bit other video sources, such every bit computer graphics, that you may wish to integrate into the program. Also, PTZ cameras rarely feature microphones or even the ability to pass audio, so you will need a separate audio source, such as a tap from the venue's PA arrangement, to include an audio element in your program.
Installation and Cabling
One of the biggest virtues of PTZ cameras is flexible mounting. Basic installation requires a flat wall mountain. Many models can be inverted for "upside-down" ceiling mounting directly to a junction box. (Ensure when installing the camera, it is ready to the right mode, equally accessing it later to "flip" the picture may be challenging.) Additionally, there is a wide variety or artillery, domes, and other mounting solutions that are available. Some mounts even thread onto standard NPT 1.five" pipe, allowing you to repose projector and AV mounts. Weatherized housings or even weatherized cameras are available for outdoor use.
Autonomously from the mount, y'all will have to think about cabling. Mostly, at that place volition exist a dissever connection for video, command, and ability.
Because of the distances involved, more than just a uncomplicated cable may exist required to become the video and/or control signal from A to B. Cables act as antennas; the more radio interference they pick up, the more dissonance gets introduced into the point. With analog signals the quality simply degrades, but with digital you volition experience much less tolerable dropouts and, finally, complete signal loss. The almost popular remedy is the balun. Baluns are essentially cable adapters that catechumen an unbalanced cablevision—for example, RG-6—to use as a balanced cablevision, normally Ethernet/CAT5 (some systems require CAT6 or CAT7). Baluns are available for basically every video point type out in that location, also equally serial command signals such as RS-232 and RS-422. Since digital video, particularly HD and high-resolution digital video, requires a high bandwidth, an alternative to apply where baluns provide insufficient length is fiber optic.
While baluns take care of video and control, in that location is nonetheless the matter of power. If an AC outlet is nearby, yous may find the all-time option is to plug the camera directly in with an AC adapter. In many cases, nonetheless, you will demand an electrician to run some custom wiring for power, as well. Some photographic camera systems, especially those that are network controlled, support POE (Power over Ethernet), in which case the control and ability volition share the same connexion.
By the fashion, one tin also identify a PTZ photographic camera on a tripod for a non-permanent solution that enables remote photographic camera command.
Angle of View
An important cistron to consider when selecting a camera is lens characteristics. Just as video projectors have dissimilar throw ratios, PTZ lenses have unlike angles of view. Well-nigh PTZ cameras are fixed-lens, which means y'all will be stuck with the lens that comes with the camera. Based on where the camera will be placed, ensure the lens is wide plenty to requite you sufficient coverage when zoomed out, while telephoto plenty to go the close-ups y'all want when zoomed all the way in. There is a variety of lens calculator apps available that can help you make this determination.
One paradox you will come across is that higher-cease cameras tend to feature longer zoom ranges. This is because lower-cost cameras have smaller image sensors. Saying that, a magnification more than about 10x is pushing the limits of what you are likely to go abroad with. Any vibrations or imperfections in the camera's pan/tilt servo motors will be very apparent at such magnification. It will as well be very difficult to rail a moving targe treliably. If possible, opt for closer photographic camera placement rather than greater magnification, to reach tighter shots.
All-in-Ones
To simplify the complication a PTZ system entails, an pick to consider is Vaddio's WallVIEW series. Built around proven PTZ cameras, such as Sony'south EVI series, WallVIEW adds modifications that adapt ability, video, and control to use Ethernet cables to profoundly reduce installation headaches. In addition, the system optionally adds CCU control. Rack-mountable base units provide terminal points for all the cables, CCU performance, controller input, equally well as video output.
Some live video production switchers, such as Sony'southward Anycast, contain PTZ control. The Anycast works with VISCA protocol cameras, similar its ain EVI series. This is a nifty choice for small productions with limited crew.
Alternatives
Surveillance cameras are very like PTZ cameras and may be tempting as a low-toll alternative. Unfortunately, surveillance cameras probably won't work. They are typically self-contained systems that don't facilitate connectedness with third-party video equipment. In addition, they oftentimes feature low frame rates, which reduces bandwidth and storage space. All you demand to ID a shoplifter is a freeze-frame, but this won't cutting information technology for alive video.
Motorized pan/tilt heads tin can be a manner to adapt a regular video photographic camera for remote operation. This may exist a consideration if you need truthful broadcast operation or are looking for a more flexible solution than a dedicated PTZ photographic camera. If you lot programme to become this route, ensure the camera functions y'all need tin exist controlled remotely and the command and video connectors can exist secured so that they don't come loose during product.
Conclusion
PTZ cameras are great for venue settings, such every bit concert halls, lecture theaters, or houses of worship, because they can be installed nearly anywhere while remaining out of the manner. Video content from PTZ cameras can exist integrated into a alive broadcast just as any other video source. Since they are robotic, unless the camera is left completely stationary, yous will demand a camera controller and an operator to line up the shots remotely. As with other AV equipment, y'all will need to consider the logistics of wiring up the cameras. In many cases, baluns and Ethernet cables tin can be used to provide an extensible cabling solution and offer longer cable runs compared to conventional video and serial cables.
Source: https://www.bhphotovideo.com/explora/video/tips-and-solutions/how-to-integrate-ptz-cameras-into-your-live-setup
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